Back in 2011, I wrote a technical site audit checklist, and while it was thorough, there have been a lot of additions to what is encompassed in a site audit. I have gone through and updated that old checklist for 2015. Some of the biggest changes were the addition of sections for mobile, international, and site speed.

This checklist should help you put together a thorough site audit and determine what is holding back the organic performance of your site. At the end of your audit, don't write a document that says what's wrong with the website. Instead, create a document that says what needs to be done. Then explain why these actions need to be taken and why they are important. What I've found to really helpful is to provide a prioritized list along with your document of all the actions that you would like them to implement. This list can be handed off to a dev or content team to be implemented easily. These teams can refer to your more thorough document as needed.

If you'd like to download a PDF version of the checklist, you can find it here.

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Quick overview

Check indexed pages

• Do a site: search.
• How many pages are returned? (This can be way off so don't put too much stock in this).
• Is the homepage showing up as the first result?
• If the homepage isn't showing up as the first result, there could be issues, like a penalty or poor site architecture/internal linking, affecting the site. This may be less of a concern as Google's John Mueller recently said that your homepage doesn't need to be listed first.

Review the number of organic landing pages in Google Analytics

• Does this match with the number of results in a site: search?
• This is often the best view of how many pages are in a search engine's index that search engines find valuable.

Search for the brand and branded terms

• Is the homepage showing up at the top, or are correct pages showing up?
• If the proper pages aren't showing up as the first result, there could be issues, like a penalty, in play.

Check Google's cache for key pages

• Is the content showing up?
• Are navigation links present?
• Are there links that aren't visible on the site?

PRO Tip:
Don't forget to check the text-only version of the cached page. Here is a bookmarklet to help you do that.

Do a mobile search for your brand and key landing pages

• Does your listing have the "mobile friendly" label?
• Are your landing pages mobile friendly?
• If the answer is no to either of these, it may be costing you organic visits.

On-page optimization

Title tags are optimized

• Title tags should be optimized and unique.
• Your brand name should be included in your title tag to improve click-through rates.
• Title tags are about 55-60 characters (512 pixels) to be fully displayed. You can test here or review title pixel widths in Screaming Frog.

Important pages have click-through rate optimized titles and meta descriptions

• This will help improve your organic traffic independent of your rankings.
• You can use SERP Turkey for this.

Check for pages missing page titles and meta descriptions

The on-page content includes the primary keyword phrase multiple times as well as variations and alternate keyword phrases

There is a significant amount of optimized, unique content on key pages

The primary keyword phrase is contained in the H1 tag

Images' file names and alt text are optimized to include the primary keyword phrase associated with the page.

URLs are descriptive and optimized

• While it is beneficial to include your keyword phrase in URLs, changing your URLs can negatively impact traffic when you do a 301. As such, I typically recommend optimizing URLs when the current ones are really bad or when you don't have to change URLs with existing external links.

Clean URLs

• No excessive parameters or session IDs.
• URLs exposed to search engines should be static.

Short URLs

• 115 characters or shorter – this character limit isn't set in stone, but shorter URLs are better for usability.

Additional reading:
Best Practices for URLs
URL Rewriting Tool
mod_rewrite Cheat Sheet
Creating 301 Redirects With .htaccess

Content

Homepage content is optimized

• Does the homepage have at least one paragraph?
• There has to be enough content on the page to give search engines an understanding of what a page is about. Based on my experience, I typically recommend at least 150 words.

Landing pages are optimized

• Do these pages have at least a few paragraphs of content? Is it enough to give search engines an understanding of what the page is about?
• Is it template text or is it completely unique?

Site contains real and substantial content

• Is there real content on the site or is the "content" simply a list of links?

Proper keyword targeting

• Does the intent behind the keyword match the intent of the landing page?
• Are there pages targeting head terms, mid-tail, and long-tail keywords?

Keyword cannibalization

• Do a site: search in Google for important keyword phrases.
• Check for duplicate content/page titles using the Moz Pro Crawl Test.

Content to help users convert exists and is easily accessible to users

• In addition to search engine driven content, there should be content to help educate users about the product or service.

Content formatting

• Is the content formatted well and easy to read quickly?
• Are H tags used?
• Are images used?
• Is the text broken down into easy to read paragraphs?

Good headlines on blog posts

• Good headlines go a long way. Make sure the headlines are well written and draw users in.

Amount of content versus ads

• Since the implementation of Panda, the amount of ad-space on a page has become important to evaluate.
• Make sure there is significant unique content above the fold.
• If you have more ads than unique content, you are probably going to have a problem.

Additional reading:
How to Write Magnetic Headlines
SEO Copywriting Tips for Improved Link Building
The Ultimate Blogger Writing Guide
Tips to Earn Links and Tweets to Your Blog Post

Duplicate content

There should be one URL for each piece of content

• Do URLs include parameters or tracking code? This will result in multiple URLs for a piece of content.
• Does the same content reside on completely different URLs? This is often due to products/content being replicated across different categories.

Pro Tip:
Exclude common parameters, such as those used to designate tracking code, in Google Webmaster Tools. Read more at Search Engine Land.

Do a search to check for duplicate content

• Take a content snippet, put it in quotes and search for it.
• Does the content show up elsewhere on the domain?
• Has it been scraped? If the content has been scraped, you should file a content removal request with Google.

Sub-domain duplicate content

• Does the same content exist on different sub-domains?

Check for a secure version of the site

• Does the content exist on a secure version of the site?

Check other sites owned by the company

• Is the content replicated on other domains owned by the company?

Check for "print" pages

• If there are "printer friendly" versions of pages, they may be causing duplicate content.

Accessibility & Indexation

Check the robots.txt

• Has the entire site, or important content been blocked? Is link equity being orphaned due to pages being blocked via the robots.txt?

Turn off JavaScript, cookies, and CSS

• Use the Web Developer Toolbar
• Is the content there?
• Do the navigation links work?

Now change your user agent to Googlebot

• Use the User Agent Add-on
• Are they cloaking?
• Does it look the same as before?

PRO Tip:

Use

SEO Browser to do a quick spot check.

Check the SEOmoz PRO Campaign

• Check for 4xx errors and 5xx errors.

XML sitemaps are listed in the robots.txt file

XML sitemaps are submitted to Google/Bing Webmaster Tools

Check pages for meta robots noindex tag

• Are pages accidentally being tagged with the meta robots noindex command
• Are there pages that should have the noindex command applied
• You can check the site quickly via a crawl tool such as Moz or Screaming Frog

Do goal pages have the noindex command applied?

• This is important to prevent direct organic visits from showing up as goals in analytics

Site architecture and internal linking

Number of links on a page

• 100-200 is a good target, but not a rule.

Vertical linking structures are in place

• Homepage links to category pages.
• Category pages link to sub-category and product pages as appropriate.
• Product pages link to relevant category pages.

Horizontal linking structures are in place

• Category pages link to other relevant category pages.
• Product pages link to other relevant product pages.

Links are in content

• Does not utilize massive blocks of links stuck in the content to do internal linking.

Footer links

• Does not use a block of footer links instead of proper navigation.
• Does not link to landing pages with optimized anchors.

Good internal anchor text

Check for broken links

• Link Checker and Xenu are good tools for this.

Additional reading:
Importance of Internal Linking
Internal Linking Tactics
Using Anchor Links to Make Google Ignore The First Link
Successful Site Architecture for SEO
The SEO Guide to Site Architecture
Information Architecture and Faceted Navigation

Technical issues

Proper use of 301s

• Are 301s being used for all redirects?
• If the root is being directed to a landing page, are they using a 301 instead of a 302?
• Use Live HTTP Headers Firefox plugin to check 301s.

"Bad" redirects are avoided

• These include 302s, 307s, meta refresh, and JavaScript redirects as they pass little to no value.
• These redirects can easily be identified with a tool like Screaming Frog.

Redirects point directly to the final URL and do not leverage redirect chains

• Redirect chains significantly diminish the amount of link equity associated with the final URL.
• Google has said that they will stop following a redirect chain after several redirects.

Use of JavaScript

• Is content being served in JavaScript?
• Are links being served in JavaScript? Is this to do PR sculpting or is it accidental?

Use of iFrames

• Is content being pulled in via iFrames?

Use of Flash

• Is the entire site done in Flash, or is Flash used sparingly in a way that doesn't hinder crawling?

Check for errors in Google Webmaster Tools

• Google WMT will give you a good list of technical problems that they are encountering on your site (such as: 4xx and 5xx errors, inaccessible pages in the XML sitemap, and soft 404s)

XML Sitemaps

• Are XML sitemaps in place?
• Are XML sitemaps covering for poor site architecture?
• Are XML sitemaps structured to show indexation problems?
• Do the sitemaps follow proper XML protocols?